名词

专有名词：国名，人名，地名，组织机构，独一无二

一．名词概念：人或事物的名称

book, girl,panda,child,China,the Great Wall, the Green House

二．可数名词变复数

 1.规则变化

(1)在词尾后加s               rabbit-rabbits  desk-desks

(2)以s/x/ch/sh结尾加es         bus-buses   watch-watches

(3)以辅音在y结尾，把y变i加es baby-babies  boy-boys

(4)以f/fe结尾去f/fe变ves       knife-knives life-lives

妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得直发慌，躲在架后保己命。半片树叶躲目光。

Wife,knife,wolf,thief,shelf,life,leaf

2.不规则变化

(1)以o结尾加es:西红柿，土豆，英雄(黑人了解就好，不在考纲）

potato-potatoes     tomato-tomatoes   photo-photos

(2)国人变复数：中日不变，英法变，其余S加后面

Chinese-Chinese             Japanese-Japanese

Englishman-Englishmen       Frenchman-Frenchmen

German-Germans

(3)复合名词变复数：前为男人女人两皆变，否则只把后者变

apple tree-apple trees              boy student-boy students

woman teacher-women teachers     man doctor-men doctors

(4)单复同形:Chinese,Japanese,sheep,fish(泛指鱼）

A sheep is eating grass.

Sheep are eating grass.

(5)oo-ee   foot    tooth

(6)特殊情况

woman-women               man-men

policeman-policemen          policewoman-policewomen

child-children                 ox-oxen

mouse-mice                  belief-beliefs

二．不可数名词

(1)不可数名词量化

一杯水-a glass of water        两杯水-two glasses of water

一箱苹果-a box of apples      两箱苹果-two boxes of apples

(2)易混的可数及不可数名词

可数名词：newspaper   suggestion   message

不可数名词：news     advice       information

(3)可数名词及不可数名词语义区分

(4)a/an+adj.+un.一段，一场，一阵

a wonderful time一段美好的时光    a heavy rain一场大雨

a strong wind  一阵强风        a heavy snow一场大雪

名词所有格：’s   s’    of

Tom’s father汤姆的爸爸  my parents’ friends我父母们的朋友

the leaves of the tree树上的叶子

children’s teachers孩子们的老师

(1)节日

Children’s Day儿童节      Teachers’ Day教师节

Mother’s Day母亲节     Father’s Day父亲节

Women’s Day妇女节    

(2)       A and B’s 共同拥有

          A’s and B’s 分别拥有

(3)       China’s中国特有

         Chinese中国的

(4)名词双重所有格： of+名词所有格

                   of+名词性物主代词

He is a friend of my mother's.

He is a friend of mine.    

(5)介词+sb.’s在某人处

At Dr. Li’s在李医生那

五．名词作定语

I am a 5-year-old girl.     

特点：修饰名词作定语，前有修饰词

I am 5 years old.

特点：无修饰性关系，无需名词所有格

检测：

It is a 3-kilometer-long river.(3000米长的）

The river is 3 kilometers long.（3000米长）

选择题答案

 (   B  )1. The Internet is very useful. We can get a lot of _____ from it.

A. thing B. information C. informations

 (   B  )2. --How far is it from your home to school?

--It’s about twenty _____ walk.

A. minute’s B. minutes’      C. minutes

 (   C  )3. --Miss Li, could you give me _____ on English learning?

--Certainly. First you should speak English every day.

A. any advices B. many advices      C. some advice

 (   C  )4. --I have _____ in learning English and I’m so worried. Could you help me with it?

 --Sure, I’d love to.

A. joy B. interest    C. trouble

(   B  )5. I think computers are very useful. They can help us get much _____ on the Internet.

A. game B. information C. idea

 (  A   )6. After school, I had a long _____ with my teacher about my study.

A. talk B. word      C. speech

 (  C   )7. The _____ of the great book, The adventures of Tom Sawyer, is Mark Twain.

A. theme B. price      C. writer

 (  C   )8. --Oh, dear! There isn’t enough _____ for us in the lift.

--No hurry. Let’s wait for the next.

A. floor B. seat      C. room

(  B   )9.My mother bought me ____ last Sunday.

A two trousers   B two pairs of trousers  C two pairs of trouser

 (  B   )10. Please pick me up at the _____. My plane arrives at 8:00 a.m.

A. hotel B. airport C. museum

(   C  )11. My _____ skirt is on the chair.

A. sisters’ B. sister    C. sister’s

(   C  )12. Could you please give some _____ to the _____ teachers?

A. advice; man B. advices; men C. suggestions; men

(   C  )13. --Could you tell me what’s the _____ of it?

--Well, it’s an oval（椭圆）.

A. time B. date    C. shape

(   C  )14. --What is your favorite food?

--I like _____ best. I had a large bowl last night.

A. potato noodle B. potatoes noodles C. potato noodles

(   C  )15. The students of Grade 7 visited Mike’s farm and saw many _____ there.

A. bird B. duck    C. sheep

(   A  )16. Several years ago, _____ people knew Yao Ming. But now he is well-known all over the world, not only in China.

A. few B. little       C. many

(   A  )17. The _____ action film has attracted millions of young people to the cinema.

A. 130-minute B. 130-minutes    C. 130 minute

(   B  )18. Jennifer takes a lot of exercise every day and she is always full of _____.

A. knowledge B. energy C. change

(   C  )19. --Mrs. Zhang was sent to teach English in a poor mountain village last year.

--She said she would never forget some pleasant _____ while working there.

A. experiments B. expressions C. experiences

(   A  )20. --China is beginning to test the air quality with the new standard（标准）PM2.5.

--_____! Then the old PM10 standard will be out of style.

A. Good news B. A good news C. A good new

  高频词汇填空

有做某事的能力have the ability to do sth.

能做某事      be able to do sth.

去国外        go abroad

积极参加     take an active part in

因某事钦佩某人 admire sb.for sth.

建议做某事     advise doing sth.

建议某人做某事advise sb.to do sth.

负担得起做某事afford to do sth.

允许做某事   allow doing sth.

允许某人做某事allow sb.to do sth.

被允许做某事  be allowed to do sth.

一个人生活live alone

和某人生气be angry with

因某事向某人道歉apologize to sb. for sth.

借给某人某物lend sth. to sb.

参军 join the army

出席会议attend the meeting

避免做某事avoid doing sth.

以......为基础 be based on

你和我之间 between you and me

在河的另一边on the other side of the river

信赖某人believe in oneself

13亿  1.3 billion

预定一张票book a ticket

向......借.....borrow sth.from sb.

在......底部at the bottom of

休息have a rest/break

深呼吸take a deep breath=breathe deeply

过桥go across the bridge

忙于做某事be busy doing sth.

忙于某事be busy with sth.

上车/下车get on/off the bus

出差on business

不但......而且......not only ...but also

顺便说一下by the way

给......回电话call sb. back

情不自禁做某事can’t help doing sth.

迫不及待做某事can’t wait to do sth.

照顾take care of/care for/look after

有做某事的机会have the chance to do sth.

振作起来cheer up

在儿童节on Children’s Day

回来come back

对......有信心have confidence in /be confident of

一个八岁的男孩an eight-year-old boy