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新东方点题班写作、口语预测大范围
2016-02-15 13:49
来源:新东方哈尔滨学校国外考试部
作者:
独立写作
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement.
It’s more important to maintain a small group number of people over a long period of time for happiness than the ability to make new friends easily.
For any business to be successful, it must spend a lot of money on advertising.
独立写作:假设你所在的社区有一大块地要卖。有三个开发商提出以下三个建造方案,你选哪一个?为什么?
PERFORMANCE ARTS CENTER
HOTEL
SHOPPING MALL
爷爷辈对孙子辈的教育有没有用了。
Agree or disagree: Parents have spent too much time helping to determine the future of their children. Children should make their own decisions.
Agree or disagree :It is impossible to be completely honest with your friend.
是不是应该任何时候对朋友都honest?
Disagree or agree:Some people think that the most important quality in choosing the leader of a school organization or club is honesty.
Some jobs pay high salaries to employees, but require them live far away from their family and friends.Some jobs pay low salaries, but allow employees to live closer with their family and friends.Which job would you prefer and why?
During an economic crisis, governments usually reduce spending on certain public services. Which area do you think the governments should reduce spending on: 1)Education 2) Health Care 3) Support for the unemployed?
In order to attract good students,many universities spend a lot of money on society activities. Do you agree or disagree?
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? If people are on vocation (holiday), they should leave their mobile phones at home.
是否同意越有钱的人越要做慈善。
Teachers are not as appreciated and valued nowadays as they were before.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Workers would be much happier if they are doing different types of tasks during their workday than doing the same task.
Do you agree or disagree with the following opinion: The most important goal of education is to help people educate themselves?
写作二:
Agree or disagree: Society benefits more from works of great artists than from those of political leaders. (这题有点儿意思,话题很大)
作文二:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: The government is not educating people enough about the importance of good and healthy lifestyles.
Some people say that students should study many lessons during a semester, but others say that it is better for students to just take three or four lessons. Which do you think is better?
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Nowadays, neighbors depend on each other less than the people in the past.
作文二:现在人工作繁忙,陪孩子的时间少。有人觉得应该陪孩子玩,有人觉得应该用于和学业相关的活动,你怎么看?
作文二:The most important investment that can be made to the education of children aged four to seven is to give them a computer
Do you agree or disagree: Universities should spend more money on improving facilities (libraries, computer labs) than on hiring famous teachers.
The opinions of celebrities, such as entertainers and athletes, are more important to the younger people than they are to the older people.
The opinions of celebrities, such as entertainers and athletes, are more important to the younger people than they are to the older people.
写作二:
如果你要买一大件物品(如TV,电脑等),以下哪一项最可能影响到你的决定?
1.朋友同学的推荐;
2.来自媒体的信息(如:TV,newspaper, magazine等);3.其他。
版本一:Scientists have been working to make technology more easy and human friendly. How do you think technology had affected our lives? Give specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
it is always better to purchase in large stores than in several small shops that specialize in different items
Government should support scientific researches which do not have practical uses.
The best way to reduce air pollution is that government to raise the cost of
fuel(petrol)of the cars. Do you agree this statement or not. Explain
your position.
Do you agree or disagree with the statement:
Students who keep rooms their neat and organized are more successful than those
who do not.
国内旅游好还是国外旅游好?
Do you agree with the statement that the way of a person's dress is an indication of his or her personality or character?
独立写作
Contributes on an enjoyable vacation, please select one of three selection.
Good food, Good location and with good friends to travel.
有人认为在city生活比在乡村生活更满意
Nowadays people are more than willing to help the people who they don’t know (For example, giving food and clothes to the people who need them) than they were in the past.
Agree or disagree: people nowadays spend much more time than they should using text messages and new technologies such as social media to communicate with each other.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Patience is not usually a good thing and we need to take actions at once
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Workers would be much happier if they are doing different types of tasks during their workday than doing the same task.
你同意以下的观点吗?国家最好的提高教育质量的方法是增加老师的工资Do you agree or disagree with the
following statement?
The best way to improve the quality of education in a country is to increase
the teachers' salaries.
你觉得当今社会父母从孩子身上学到的多还是孩子从父母身上学到的多。
It is better for students at university or in college to choose difficult classes even if they cannot get top grades. 学生要不要总是选高难度有挑战性的课,哪怕拿不到高分?
business to successful, must put more money in advertising
有些人喜欢把自己的经历,照片贴到social networking sites. 你prefer 什么,说出原因。
写作二:
students should help their parents with household chores, since it's the best way to give them a sense of responsibility.
写作二:
some people argues using a cleaner energy to protect the environment, but some people says the traditional energy sources such as coal and oil is less expensive, what is your suggestion.
你同意或不同意,那些成功的人的character,communication skill 是最重要的。
Agree or disagree在大学生,在校期间,是否应该打工?
家长往往会不赞成孩子的老师的教育方式,这很正常,也许家长不把意见表达出来会比较好
Most of the parents
at some times find disapproval of the ways teachers are teaching their
children. It's not suggested for the parents to express their disapproval to
the teachers. Do you agree?
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The food we eat today is much healthier than in the past.
some people think teachers giving times to students during discussion in classes will help them to learn. some people thinks it unnecessary to give students time to discuss in classes. what is your opinion?
integrated task:文章给出了一种鱼跳出水面的原因:1捕食空中的昆虫2去除身上的寄生虫3对人类侵犯领地感到愤怒并产生攻击性行为。
lecture反驳了这些理由1夏天这种鱼不吃东西,即使冬天它们吃东西也是吃河床附近的东西,不会因此跃出水面2野生的鱼体表没有寄生虫,危 险的体内的寄生虫,这些不能靠物理方法去除,鱼塘里养的鱼体表有寄生虫,但是它们却不会跃出水面3游船受到冲撞只是偶然现象,没有船鱼 也会跳出来
文章说中国人比哥伦布更早登入美洲大陆,听力反对
阅读是说有个作家xx说中国人在 between1421年 and 1423年去过America。
第一段大概是说Bimix上面有markings, 是Chinese 弄的。
第二段大概是说在coast land还是哪里发现了石头的anchors,说是中国人在哪里弄的。
第三段是说在某个岛上面有个stone tower,有点像lighthouse,说是中国人搞的,然后Chinese sailor could raise and xx platform for repair damaged boats.
听力:教授说怀疑中国人没到过America,no evidence to show Chinese came to America 在1421-1423年。
第一说那些marking是natural formation,不是人为的marking,只是像人为的。说geologist看的话一眼就可以看出是天然行程的。
第二说那些anchor也不一定是中国人,因为在那个时候,anchor已经用了好久在航海了,不只一个国家用锚.
第三是说那个岛上的tower不是中式建筑,看起来是England 建筑,说那个岛原来是一个England 的owner的,这个lighthouse更像是England建筑。
为什么Hohokam people会disappear suddenly
reading:
由于H的irrigation方式,导致土地贫瘠
树是小动物的窝,H人都砍光了,失去了一种food resource
因为armed conflict而collapse.原因是两个group的人进入沙漠的时间和H人消失的时间差不多
听力部分:
H人会rest field,不会每年都这样灌溉
H人不会砍光树,reproduce的速度比砍的快
没有其他的traces可以证明是由于invasion而collapse
Reading:
birdfeeder’s negative impact
1. It encourage birds to stay together and transmit diseases. For example, the red eye disease among flinch.
2. Birds are easily be harmed by predators like cats, and they may bump on the windows.
3. It affects their migrating behaviors as they will not move to the warm places if there are enough food, and thus influence their mating productivity.
Listening:
1. The natural characteristics of bird make the staying together happen, instead of human’s effort.
2. Yes, it is true, but birdfeeder provide nutrients to the birds and they are more healthy and strong, the population is increasing comparing to the little decrease.
3. The signal for their migration is the shorten of sunlight instead of food. They will not stay because of food.
问题是说coal ash的污染很严重,需不需要new,much stricter regulations on handling and storing coal ash.
reading是说不需要:1,相关的regulation已经存在,要求company to ues LINER on the ponds啊什么的。
2,他怕新的严格的规定,会让人们不敢再买recycled coal ash。
3,increasing cost。电费会涨十倍,大众会不接受。
listening是说需要:1,原本的规定只要求company在新的ponds上用liner,old ones are not required.所以现在old ponds 还是会产生许多coal ash,会进入地下水,最后污染饮用水。
2,professor举了mercury的例子:在mercury 的问题上也有很严格的regulation, 但是人们依然在买recycled mercury for over 50 years.
3,电费确实会涨到多少多少billion,但是平均到人头上,每个人的电费就只涨了1%而已。It is not a big price to pay to have a cleaner environment.
阅读:如何防止鸟不撞上建筑物 1:单一光线玻璃。2.彩色的玻璃。3.导航指引方向听力:反对:1,鸟以为师镜子,同样会撞上2:找缝隙撞到没有颜色的玻璃上2:导航在短距离没有效果
moth飞蛾,总是围绕人造(human made lights)灯光的地方甚至crush into lights。阅读文章给出三个possible explanations;
1:飞蛾有飞向moon的本领。为了躲避青蛙等predator,它总是往上飞也就是moon的所在方向,所以飞蛾可能误认为human made lights为moon。
2:飞蛾飞向人造灯或许因为有heat。
3:飞蛾也许误认为人造灯光是食物源food resource。
听力lecture 认为阅读文章不准确,不能成立。
理由1:如果飞向人造灯是为了躲避predator,那么飞一会儿就得了,干嘛还要围绕几个小时甚至更长。当危险褪去本就可以飞走了。
理由2:飞蛾有辨别食物散发出来的carbon dioxide的本领。人造灯没有释放二氧化碳
理由3:有些人造灯,例如fluorescent lights散发出来的heat少之又少,甚至少于natural。
写作一:
综合:cheat grass是起源于亚洲和欧洲的一种植物,破坏力强大,现在北美(NA)地区出现了,数量剧增,科学家们想出集中方法来减少其数量。
第一,养一些cattle然后放他们去吃这种草,他们是grazer,每天无时无刻不在吃草,所以很好
第二, burn the grass with controlled fire,一把火烧掉,因为这种草很易燃
第三,引入一种parasite(寄生虫),用这种微生物的方式减少其数量
listening的反驳:
第一, cattle们不喜欢吃chea tgrass!如果有别的草,他们肯定先吃别的,最后才吃c草,这样下去会导致一个相反的结果,即想清理掉的草都留下了,想保护的那些好草都被吃了。
第二,放火确实会把地面上的草烧没,但是不会伤及它的种子,所以在一场大火后虽然表面上没这种植被了,等几年后还会再疯狂的冒出来
第三, parasite和cheat grass在它们的原始栖息地已经共生了1000年了,所以这种草内部必定有一种对parasite的resistance;parasite确实有能力减少c草数量,但减少的大多都是已经sick或者weak的c草,真正生命力旺盛的不会被伤害到。
作文一:使用分散剂(dispersant)对消除Oil spill对海洋造成的破坏作用到底有没有效果
阅读:不能
听力:可以
1. 不能彻底解决问题,因为只是使石油颗粒变小,burning才能彻底消除
1. 焚烧只在特定环境下才有效,当海洋风浪较大或流速过快时不能解决问题。分散剂把石油颗粒变小已经很不错了,因为这样就可以进一步借助海洋里的细菌分解作用消除石油颗粒
綜合寫作:基因改造的蚊子可以使其后代绝种以预防疾病,但是一些人说这样做危险,听力中反驳。第一个理由:该蚊子减少别的蚊子增加不成立,因为研究发现这种蚊子减少对别的蚊子数量没影响,比如asian tiger蚊子就不受影响;二是蚊子体内改造的protein传到人体对人体有危险不成立,因为只有雄蚊子被改造而雄蚊子不吸人血;最后对生态环境影响坏不成立,研究表明大部分基因改造物种对环境没有大的影响,文中蝴蝶案例很个别而已,事实上这种蚊子可能对环境有好的影响
综合写作听力部分的回忆:
1、reintroducing wolves对ecosystem有好处,可以restore balance,教授举例:狼灭绝了,elk的数量become unnatural large,现在reintroduce狼,可以让elk的数量恢复正常也可以让一些植物重获新生。
2、狼只会在natural food短缺的情况下去攻击家畜,而农场也会收到政府发放的奖金,如果家畜受到攻击,文章中的economic threat 不成立。
3、很多去国家公园的人只是听到了狼的嚎叫,叫人感到害怕,而实际上在美国历史中there‘re few wolf attack people的事情,而且这些事故中没有一例是reintroducing wolves 造成的。
作文一:
阅读:Norse是生活在欧洲的一个group。他们可能来到了美国带来了coins给印第安人。但是近期学者怀疑此论断。原因:
1.距离太远,Norse不可能遇到印第安人
在Maine的一个site发现的coins里加拿大附近的印第安人settlement非常远。Norse在当时基本上不可能把coins带过去给印第安人。
2. 就发现了仅有的coins,没有在别的地方发现更多的coins,证据不足,这说明了Norse从来都没有把coins带给印第安人。
3. Norse应该能与想到给印第安人那silver coins没有用。因为印第安人不知道怎么花这些钱。这些钱只在欧洲有用。所以从常理上说,Norse没有原因给印点人带钱去。
听力:反驳阅读
1. 距离不是问题。印第安人是波好旅游的人。他们可以travel for miles and miles. 而且他们喜欢obtain 别的种族的东西。所以可能他们去了Norse的地方,然后带回了coins。
2. 仅有的coins就够了呀。可能Norse从欧洲带来的coins压根就没想留下给印第安人。所以他们很可能会欧洲的时候又把coins带走了。这样当然现在找到的coins就不多。
3. 即使印第安人不知道怎么花coins,他们也会认为coins是很appealing很pretty的东西。他们可以把coins做成项链等装饰品。
作文一:Dodecahedron
阅读:介绍Dodecahedron 是Roman Empire时期的一种物品,它有12个面,并且decorated ,人们目前还无法确认它的具体功能是什么猜想一:Candle stick holder(关键词wax) 猜想二:Military flag/banner 猜想三:Determine the date of growing crops in the autumn
听力:反对
1. Wax was only found in one Dodecahedron
2.It could be found elsewhere other than for military purposes,e.g,it was found in graves and sanctuaries.Especially,it was found in a woman's tomb.Clearly,women were not allowed in armies.Therefore,it had no link with military uses. 3.It is possible that it helped to determine the position of sunlight so as to decide the date for growing crops.But it doesn't explain why there are many holes and knobs,nor does it explain why it was decorated.
Salton Sea 位于California ,比海水还咸说了三个解决方案:第一是隔离进行处理,第二是融入海水让它变为海的一部分,第三是局部隔离,就让它局部的一直咸下去听力反驳:说这些方案都不可行,第一没法隔离,第二融入海水会污染海水,第三就是工业很费钱
阅读: 限速(lower speed limit)好处多多
1、可以减少serious accidents
2、可以减少尾气emission,提升air quality
3、会带来经济效益,更低的速度可以可以减少汽油的耗费从而省钱
听力:限速确实有好处,但效果不明显:
1、serious accidents的减少可能是其他因素引起的,如better road condition & car equipment
2、其实并没有改善环境呀,只有0.1%的减少,空气质量还是poor
3、浪费了drivers的时间,货物运输时间变长了,使得成本也高了。
第一套:综合写作:
Amazon在1492年是否有大量人口居住
阅读:
1 雨林土壤含酸太多对植物有毒,无法种植
2 没有各种建筑遗迹
3 在盆地中没有大量哺乳动物来为很多人提供蛋白质
听力:
1 有特定区域有肥沃的土壤,且当地人把灰撒在土上从而减少土壤的酸性,因此可以种植。
2 当时的建筑主要是用木头做的,后来被雨林分解了;并且后来研究人员又发现了支撑复杂社会活动的遗迹。
3 雨林中有一种独特的植物,能够为当时的很多人提供蛋白质,因此不需要哺乳动物也可以存活下来。
第二套综合写作:
水藻(一种生物能源)产油合不合适
阅读:不合适
1、占地方耗水,浪费资源
2、这种设备比较昂贵,不经济
3 水藻在进行光合作用的过程中,需要吸收空气中大量的二氧化碳因此水藻产油过程需要提供大量高浓度二氧化碳,而二氧化碳不会被全部吸收,这样排出以后会污染大气,
听力:
1、水藻可以在沟渠、池塘、海滩以及任何不毛之地上养殖,同时可以用脏水和海水去浇灌,所以不影响。
2、每周可以收获一次,是其他植物的20倍,这样一来使用设备的成本不贵,成本很快回收
3、需要的二氧化碳可以用其他工厂产生的,这样反过来还能处理二氧化碳气体的排放。
Passage: living roof (building ‘roof with plants) is beneficial as it can
1)serve as public park that beautifies the city and provide people a place to
relax 2) reduce water pollution and flooding 3) function as air conditioning
system so as to save energy and cost.
Lecturer: ...limited benefits and can even generate some
problem: 1) they are too high to be seen/only residents of the building can
have access, not open to everybody to relax 2) water leakage which can damage
the building 3) the installation and maintenance is costly. The cost can be
even higher that what we save.
作阅读database medical record要比paper base好1省钱2减小错误发生3 促进医学研究。
听力不同意1 医生依然用纸作为应急使用2医生在examine patient 的时候也会用纸,这样由于poor handwriting导致的错误依然会出现3病人数据的使用受法律限制,只有所有者同意才能使用,所以依然麻烦
版本二
文章说用电子记录医学record好因为1省钱(减少storage和运输费用)2减少错误3 提供research data。
speaker反驳1医生即使有电子记录仍然会留一份paper record 2 医生喜欢用paper记录,然后让别的人把记录输入进电脑,这样更容易出错。3 医学病历不可以随便用,有法律保护的
文章: 现在人们越来越愿意在网上购买药品了, 仍然有好处,但也有问题:
1) 有可能买到unauthorized medication, 比如草药和new medicine, 收费者冒然服用有可能处出问题。
2) lack of advice
from doctor, 有些药物有side effects or
physical reactions, 而网上购药跳过了咨询医生这一步,有可能导致不适。
3) low quality,
cannot meet the standard,不一定质量有保障, 吃了坏事。
讲座:Relieved all the
cancers
1) 网上购药保证了人们自由选购的right, 往往很多草药和new medicine是因为一些其他原因导致未被批准的,但其实很好.而且有时病人get more access to more medications 以至于找到最适合自己的药物。
2) 网上资源丰富,好像说一个原因叫large data ,人们在网上可以获取更多相关信息,包括side effect and
physical reactions.
3) 其实很多网上price low并不一定 quality low, 往往不同药物是产自相同地方,用的相同配方,遵守的是相同标准, 别国的药效果和剂量和美国的一样。所以文中提到的问题不存在.
题目: Describe how the
speaker responds to all the concerns over online medicine purchase in the
reading passage.
关于美国移民是否破坏了bison的数量。
阅读文章要点:美国移民破坏了bison的数量。
1. immigrants把bison做食物;
2. 移民时,带了自己养的马牛,和bison竞争;
3. 枪使得移民者比当地人更能打猎bison。
听力逐一反驳:
1. 移民者没有把bison当做主要食物,事实表明bison decline首先表现在了eastern part, 与阅读中所说的immigration route不一致,route是从west to east, 这样的话decline应该先出现在western part。所以不能证明bison是被作为主要食物;
2. bison比马牛更适应当地的气候,天气寒冷,bison有厚厚的毛,可以抵抗寒冷,而cattle and horses就不能与之竞争;
3. 当地人可以精准的shoot bison, nation
used guns for hundreds of years。
综合写作:斑马身上条纹的作用:一是在被追捕过程中有一种optical illusion 会让捕食他们的动物对于他们的距离远近产生错觉从而在不正确的时候进行leap从而无法抓到他们其次是让敌人无法分清个体和一群、还有便于自己藏匿在草丛中;讲座给予了批驳:1其实在捕杀斑马的动物中他们从不存在leap的阶段所以也就不存在optical illusion的作;敌人对条纹还是纯色无区别,个体还是一群也没区别;第三就是斑马一般不会藏起来,而是暴露在开放的草原上。题目让你说说lecturer的观点以及怎样反驳reading 的。
粉红色的希利尔湖(Pink Lake Hillier)
阅读:
希利尔湖(Lake Hillier)最大的特点是肉眼看上去呈现粉红色(pink to human eyes)。过去对此有三种解释:
1) 水底土壤和视觉角度Soil beneath the water and the angle of vision
人们认为是由于希利尔湖(Lake Hillier)湖底的土壤呈现粉红色所以湖面看上去是粉红色。
2) 苏打石 Nahcolite
希利尔湖(Lake Hillier)呈现粉红色是因为湖水中含有呈现粉红色的金属(metal)苏打石(nahcolite)。
3) 藻类植物Algae
最后一种解释是水中的藻类Algae分泌两种物质,这两种物质分别呈现红色和黄色(red and yellow),混合在一起呈现粉红色。
讲座:教授反驳以上三种原因:
1) 如果你用透明玻璃杯从希利尔湖(Lake Hillier)中取一杯水(a glass of water)观察,你就会发现没有土壤的水也呈现粉红色,无论你从哪个角度看,仍然是粉红色,因此解释一不准确。
2) 苏打石(Nahcolite)本身是白色并不是粉红色,需要与其他化学物质发生反应才能呈现粉红色,而在希利尔湖(Lake Hillier)里没有发现任何可与苏打石(Nahcolite)发生反应呈现粉红色的那些物质。因此解释二不准确。
3) 如果希利尔湖(Lake Hillier)的粉红色来自于湖中藻类植物(Algae),那么湖水颜色的深度(intensity of pink)会随着藻类植物繁殖季节的更替而变化。但是希利尔湖(Lake Hillier)的粉红色深度四季不变,因此不是藻类植物的原因。
阅读:如何防止鸟不撞上建筑物
1:单一光线玻璃。
2.彩色的玻璃。
3.导航指引方向
听力:反对:
1,鸟以为是镜子,同样会撞上
2:找缝隙撞到没有颜色的玻璃上
3:导航在短距离没有效果
阅读:找到一艘Mary Celeste船漂浮着,船上10个人都没了,救生艇也没了,原因可能有三种:(1)被海盗挟持了(2)船上有可燃液体,烧着了,他们乘救生艇走了(3)船底有一点漏水,他们逃生走了
听力:(1)海盗没拿走船上的值钱物品没必要只挟持人(2)几乎没有燃烧的痕迹,燃烧后气味应该会遗留很久(3)漏水也能开很多天,他们乘小艇逃生更不安全,而且船被发现的时候也没沉
综合写作:
粉红色的希利尔湖(Pink Lake Hillier)
阅读:
希利尔湖(Lake Hillier)最大的特点是肉眼看上去呈现粉红色(pink to human eyes)。过去对此有三种解释:
1) 水底土壤和视觉角度Soil beneath the
water and the angle of vision
人们认为是由于希利尔湖(Lake Hillier)湖底的土壤呈现粉红色所以湖面看上去是粉红色。
2) 苏打石 Nahcolite
希利尔湖(Lake Hillier)呈现粉红色是因为湖水中含有呈现粉红色的金属(metal)苏打石(nahcolite)。
3) 藻类植物Algae
最后一种解释是水中的藻类Algae分泌两种物质,这两种物质分别呈现红色和黄色(red and yellow),混合在一起呈现粉红色。
讲座:教授反驳以上三种原因:
1) 如果你用透明玻璃杯从希利尔湖(Lake Hillier)中取一杯水(a glass of water)观察,你就会发现没有土壤的水也呈现粉红色,无论你从哪个角度看,仍然是粉红色,因此解释一不准确。
2) 苏打石(Nahcolite)本身是白色并不是粉红色,需要与其他化学物质发生反应才能呈现粉红色,而在希利尔湖(Lake Hillier)里没有发现任何可与苏打石(Nahcolite)发生反应呈现粉红色的那些物质。因此解释二不准确。
3) 如果希利尔湖(Lake Hillier)的粉红色来自于湖中藻类植物(Algae),那么湖水颜色的深度(intensity of pink)会随着藻类植物繁殖季节的更替而变化。但是希利尔湖(Lake Hillier)的粉红色深度四季不变,因此不是藻类植物的原因。
阅读关于新物种引入所带来的负面影响:破坏生态平衡,破坏当地资源,破坏当地经济1.imported species may do harm to local ecosystem
2.imported species destroy the useful aspects of local species.
3. imported species adds the local economic burden
听力分别反驳三个观点,对得很工整:
1。农作物引入是一个好事情
2。对于资源的破坏要取决于各地的情况,一种叫cano tode的动物(reading中的例子)引入以后帮助了Florida消除害虫
3。对于经济的破坏也要看不同经济,一种叫mes-的植物(也是reading中的例子),成为了人们喂养牲畜的饲料和生火的燃料
1. imported species doesn’t always do harm to local ecosystem,以agriculture为例
2.imported species doesn’t always destroy the useful aspects of local species, it depends on local circumstance.以Florida引进的toad为例。
3. imported species adds the local economic burden, it depends on local circumstance.以Mesquite imported into Africa为例,food and firewood。
关于政府the government是否应该own Amtrak(Amtrak是美国的铁路公司,为政府所有)。Reading认为公交系统应该取消或由私人公司承包。
阅读材料观点:
1. 证据:赚不到钱(不能make profit),反而赔钱lose money。有些车路线很偏僻,去remote area,很少有人坐。
2. 证据:对私有的Transportation
company(比如Airlines)很不公平。因为政府只给火车funding,并没有support those companies等,以至于他们没法降价,难以和或者争顾客。
3. 证据:在美国火车不是那么popular /out of
date。大部分人选择使用汽车而不是火车,因此政府不应该再funding,而是直接投资高速high way的建设,培训工作人员,播报天气预报。
听力材料对其进行了反驳:
1. 证据:government funding火车不是为了赚钱make profit,而是为了给偏僻地区remote and unpopulated的人提供方便provide services。住在remote area的人需要用火车,他们跟住在城市的人一样有权利right享受公共交通。
2. 证据:政府对航空公司airline有很多各种各样的支持funding了,例如paying bills from the air traffic
control towers, training aviators and weather forecasting organizations。
3. 证据:大家不坐火车不是因为火车过时popular,而是速度慢效率低,导致人们使用自己的私人汽车。要是政府在train system上多投资来improve the service,像Japan and Europe那样,既方便又便宜more affordable and faster,人们都会愿意坐火车。结论说政府应该多投入在Amtrak上。
Reading: solar energy is a better alternation for oil and nuclear energy
(1)no pollution
(2)the resource is plentiful
(3)can work in remote area
Lecture: disagree
(1)take much space. 25% city area to support the city.
(2)In order to store the energy, people must use battery. The material to make battery is rare. For example the lead.
(3)located in remote area is not convenient to repair. Also to maintain solar system need high technology.
文章:algae种植的坏处(浪费资源,不能产粮食;贵;生长需要二氧化碳,污染大气);
讲座反驳(algae不挑剔,可以用脏水,没用的土地;algae一周harvest,生长期快,利润增长快,于是可以支付algae的各项费用;不用弄新的二氧化碳养algae,工业废气就可以)
综合写作:
Has the large corporation lost its attraction to American
阅读:越来越多的人对在大公司上班失去了兴趣,转而自己开公司(self-employed)
(1),大公司上班有太多bureaucracy,难以实现自己的idea。(2),大公司上班工作稳定感大大不如从前。(3),大公司最近几年不提供extra benefits,比如退休金,更低的医疗保险。
听力:一一反驳三个观点
(1),自己开公司要面对的手续会更多。(2),自己开公司明显更有风险,稳定感更不强。(3),自己开公司extra benefits更没有保证。
综合作文:
植物在夜里fold leaves的原因:
Passage:
1.pretection from cold
质疑:fold leaves 对于防冷帮助不大,freezing colde,一样被damage
2.protection from infection by fungals,因为fold后避免get too wet
质疑:感染fungal不需要那么多水,有点水就可以
3. protection from moonlight at night
质疑:分布比较密集的plants也fold leave,按理说不不需要fold leave就可以避光。
If your teacher
says something incorrect in a class, what will you do?
1.Interrupt your teacher right away;
2. keep silent;
3. correct your teacher after class.
三选一
阅读文章说用GAS 做能源有诸多坏处。1. 不是绿色能源; 造成温室效应。2. 开采用的水添加了化学有毒物质,会污染饮用水体系;3. 开采时噪音和灯光会影响LOCAL COMMUNITIES;
讲座教授反驳。1. 绿色能源风能和太阳能不够; GAS 燃烧产生的温室效应没有想象的那么大; 比煤炭干净,2. 水可以收集,放到特殊地方(还是特殊用途。。这里没听清),埋到很深的地下,不会影响饮用水; 3. 开采GAS 会给社区带来就业机会。
写作一:
综合:Location of Ophir
文章:在3000多年前的东地中海地区出土的文物记载,有这么一个国家叫Ophir,和当地有贸易往来。有三个理由可以推出Ophir的位置在东亚。一,origin of goods.和Ophir贸易的很多物品,比如稀有木材,象牙制品等,都是东亚特属或者特性。二、航程时间长,要一年半,所以离地中海肯定很远。第三,很多货品的名字,东亚语言和欧洲的语言非常相近,很可能就是援引自东亚语言的。
教授:这些证据都没有说服力。首先,这些goods虽然来自东亚,但不意味着Ophir就在东亚,因为货物很有可能在一个trade center先经过一次交换,而Ophir就可能是个trade center.所以不能通过货物的原产地来判断Ophir的位置。第二,虽然记录的航程时间很长,但是航程速度可能受多种原因影响变得很慢,比如要进场停泊在岸边躲避风浪等等,所以就算要走一年半,也不一定是很远的地方,完全有可能在阿拉伯半岛上。第三,语言的类似可能完全就是巧合。比如英语和澳大利亚本地语对狗的词,很相近,但是这两种语言隔得很远,相互没有影响,所以相似完全是巧合。所以不能因为一些东西的名字相近而断定Ophir在东亚。
写作一:
阅读: frog population is decreasing nowadays, and there are three ways to solve the problem, 1. avoid using pesticide, pesticide kills frogs. 2. fungus is the enemy of frogs because the frog will dehydrate once the surface is covered with fungus. Giving medical treatment to the frog to protect them from fungus . protect the frogs' habit by avoid excessive human development in water area. 听力:1. avoid using pesticide will make crops less yield thus not economically fair. 2. we need to give every frog treatment, large scale, not practical, in addition, the treatment does not carry to the offspring. then we have to do it repeatedly. 3. global warming is the major problem. even if human not develop water areas, global warming will destroy it.
阅读材料讲反对national park将要收门票。理由有三点:
1)这是国家公园,国家对市民的税中包含了对公园的维护等费用,所以不应额外收费,而且国家公园就是应该让大家免费参观。
2)收费会减少大家去公园的兴趣,去公园的人数将会减少。
3)会使公园的工作人员多参与有关门票销售,或者是处理废票等的工作,而会分散对别的工作的重视,如保障游人安全,保护公园环境等,阅读材料认为这些才是真正需要工作人员重视的。
听力材料中,教授不同意阅读材料的观点。教授认为收费是合理的。理由也有三条,对比阅读材料。
1)教授认为收费会对人们更加公平,体现在,有的人每年最多来一次公园,却要交纳税费,虽然每人都可以去公园,但并不是每人都会去。所以收费门票可以保证公平。
2)收费可以更加吸引游人参观。在游人们的心目中,门票高的公园比门票低得公园更值得去看。
3)可以让公园的工作人员接触到更多的人们,了解他们的需要和对公园发展的意见等等…
综合写作:
Neanderthal man会不会spoken language(简写:SL)
阅读:
1 大脑大,比现代人都大
2有brone保护skull,且现代人也有这个大brone,说明有SL
3 有A肌肉控制气流在喉咙和嘴之间,说明会SL
听力反驳:
1 brain大说明不了什么,脑里有很多part都紧密相连用一种particular way,而且我们也不知道哪一部分是管语言的。skull大说明不了什么
2 monkey也有 brone,比较小但它不会SL
3教授说到A肌肉有别的作用,long distance running 在当时非常重要,A肌肉可能是干这个的。
reading: music instructions 在elementary school不应该搞太多。第一,学了音乐,别的什么math, art你就没时间学了。第二,学音乐的话,学校设备各种supplies要维护各种cost 太expensive. 第三,学了音乐找不到工作啊你如果future-purpose looking,学音乐是没饭吃的。
然后托福机经听力professor三点驳斥:第一,学了音乐,你的proportional math会特别好,因为数学中有那些ratio, percentage的,和音乐中的half note, quarter note挺相近的。四分音符八分音符神马的。同时,你的language skill也会提高。第二,学校现在聪明了,从 community请了志愿者过来教音乐,他们基本都退休了,所以COST很低的。然后学校买的supply,可以租出去也可以赚钱,而且可以反复使用,serve several generations. 第三, school is not just about job, it is
about prepare students for a full and rich life.
解释TLP现象三个理论
1 不是真实的现象,而是observational errors
2 由于meteor striking引起的光
3 月球表面有会发光的rocks
关于dog domestication。 lecture里的反驳论据还是很工整的,都有first,secon的这样的提示词,仔细听,多记些,再加上模板,应该不会有问题。不过我打字总出错,没来得及写完街尾段。
reading passage里讲了三点:
1,说domesticeteddog的 ancestor 是狼
2,说是人类的活动带动了dog domestication
3,讲dogdomestication 的大概时期。
lecture里就逐一反驳,说祖先根本不是狼,还说dog的驯化是自然选择的结果,和人类活动无关。最后说文章里说的时间也不对,在人类settle down之前还打猎为生的时候狗就已经驯化了。
小作文:关于yawn(打哈欠)的几个理论
Reading:
讲了关于yawning的原因的三个理论:
一是当血液内氧气不足时,会yawn,
二是说yawn是孩子出生前在妈妈肚子里起某个作用的behabior
三是说yawn是为了cool blood flowing in the brain
Lecture:
女教授反驳了这三点
一:照文章说的,血氧充足时人就不会打哈欠了,可是并不是这样,照打不误
二:很多仅在baby时又function的行为如sucking the hand会在长大后disappear,可是yawn不是
三:照这么说,在环境温度较低时,人就不应该打哈欠了,可实际是无论环境问题如何,照打。
第一遍材料说的是organic produce比起traditional的更不好,给了三个方面的原因(我开始看到organic的时候还以为文章要说它很好,然后被Prof痛骂一顿。结果是反过来的…)
第一个是虽然不用chemical pesticides但是plant pesticide已经是被污染了的
第二个是比以前的更容易有risk of exposure to bacteria
第三个是价格高
听力中反驳说natural pesticide is easy to break down, even before the
produce arrive the store, less harmful than normal pesticide
还有就是农民有strict guidelines 还会发certifications。不会有问题
最后就是虽然贵一点但是含有的vitamin和nutrition更多,以后可以少花health expense
阅读说学校考虑给老师signing bonus(签字费?)来吸引好的老师加盟,给了3个理由
1.给签字费会让别的学校的老师来我们学校
2.可以吸引一些别的领域的专业人才过来当老师
3.可以让那些最后时刻放弃签约或者在摇摆中的老师签约。
讲座的老太说这简直是胡说
1.研究表明,老师对钱很不看重,他们更看重学校的管理,图书馆和实验室条件,甚至所在社区。所以给签字费不能吸引老师
2.别的领域的人不会因为给签字费就放弃自己的工作,第一要成为老师要经过一大堆资格认证(certification)这个耗时耗力,要么辞职干,这样会亏钱,要么同时进行,压力太大。
3.考给签字费请来的老师可能不够格,不是很合适的老师,或者不怎么开心教书,这样会影响教学质量。
In…saur is a kink of sea animal.It is abnormal that there are a unusual pattern of their skeleton been found in fossil.
1.The In..saur stranded suffered outbreak of a toxic algae,which is an alage can killed larger sea animals.
2.The...saur stranded because they played with each other and did not notice they already in shallow water,because of that they cannot go back to deep water area.
3.The most controversial theory ,In...saur's was killed by another large sea animal C(C is an octopus),and took their bones back to where they live and arrange them to certain pattern.
Professor argued:
1.The In...saur theory assumed that the nine In..saur died at the same time since they ate the algae.But the fossil record should some fossils existed earlier and some are later.They were not berried at the same time.
2.In...saur stranded theory is also unlikely.The fossil record appeared on the spot of deeper water area with sand particles berried.But if the theory claimed In...saur stranded in shallow water area,it is against the fact.
3.The third theory is unlikely.If the bones of In...saur is brought back and arranaged to certain pattern by other animals,it against the fact that the bones were actually scattered,some spots are denser and some are less dense,there is no pattern can be counted.
1.综合:应不应该在海里建artificial reef
reading:
应该
原因一,吸引鱼类并且给他们更多空间繁殖,有利于fishers捕捞
原因二,small-scale fishers build private artificial reef 有利于捕捞因为只有自己知道在哪
原因三,对环境有好处 recycling 可以用酒汽车轮胎之类的
listening:
反对
原因一,吸引来的鱼都是从别的地方来的,所以短期鱼的总量是不变的,fishers吧这些鱼一起捕捞会导致鱼群数量下降
原因二,build private reef is unsafe因为如果其他fishers捕鱼的时候不知道会有危险
原因三,会污染海环境。比如在某个reef 一场storm过后这些reef都散了海底都是这些碎片威胁了plants and animals
讲53赫兹的鲸鱼,说他唱的歌总是声音很高,high pitch,然后这样他永远联系不到自己的同伴。
科学家说有3点原因为什么是high pitch。
第一点,53hz的鲸鱼是hybrid。教授反驳,如果是hybrid,这个鲸鱼会跟其他鲸鱼一起hybrid,但是这个鲸鱼的hybrid pattern 不寻常。因为他是独来独往的
第二点,文章说因为听力有缺陷,所以是high pitch教授反驳。 不对的,他发生的high pitch 跟他的嗓子结构有关系unusual structure of throat。然后他说嗓子怎么样跟听力是没关系的
第三点,短文给的原因是这个鲸鱼属于很稀少的species,整个家族都死掉了,只剩一只。教授反驳说就算是很稀少的,这个鲸鱼肯定也有父母。但是recording device监测了几十年了,这是第一次听到。
1、Reading: Gastornis is a carnivore bird. Reasons: (1) it's overall appearance resembles other meat-eating birds like terror birds (2) it has a large, powerful beak to cut through meat and bones (3) it has large talons at its feet to capture foods
Listening: (1) it resembles both meat-eating and plant-eating birds so the appearance cannot determine it's a carnivore. Eg. It has the same feature as the ostriches and emus. (2) it has a straight beak instead of curved beak. The straight beak is more likely to be used on plants such as nuts. (3) the foot prints left by Gastornis don't show claws. The last bone of its foot maybe the structure, not a talon.
版本2:
Whether the bird Gastorinis is carnivore
鸟Gastorinis是否为食肉动物
Reading
Yes
是
It resembles other meat-eating birds in terms of shapes of the head and body
鸟的头和身体长的和其他食肉的鸟类很像,所以是它也是食肉动物。
It has strong and powerful beak, which can be used to cut through bones and meat.
这种鸟的嘴很强壮有力,可以用来咬断猎物骨头和肉。
Its feet resemble the feet of large talon or the claws of the eagle
这种鸟的教很像鹰的爪子
Listening
No
非
Cant just decide based on the shape cuz the bird also resembled other plant-eating birds like emus
不能以外形来判断因为这种鸟也长得很像一种吃植物的叫emus的鸟。
Their beak is straight, but the carnivore bird’s beak is curved, so maybe their beak is only used for the shells of nuts or plants
这种鸟的嘴是直的,而食肉鸟的嘴应该是弯的,所以或许这种鸟嘴只是用来啄果仁或者植物的外壳的。
Pictures of the footprints show that there is no claw, just the outline of their feet, so maybe it’s just a large chunk of bone in the feet rather than claw.
脚印的照片显示出根本没有爪子,只是脚的外形,所以或许只是脚上大块儿的骨头而不是爪子。
Integrated writing:
Manufacturing fuel generated from algae(藻类燃料)是最近能源研发的新成就,可能会成为解决人类能源问题的新方案。但是阅读文章认为把algae fuel大规模投入使用和制造是存在一些顾虑的,三个要点如下:
1. 养殖algae需要大量的土地和水源投入。人类社会正在面临着有史以来最严重的资源短缺,很多地区都出现了饥荒,干旱等灾难。这时如果再把珍贵资源投入algae farming显得本末倒置,影响更多人的生活。
2. 养殖algae需要昂贵的facilities,cost过大。为了set up一个algae养殖场,人们需要购买一些昂贵的machines比如一个pump tank来处理气体,还需要对工作人员进行相应的培训,所以很有可能会收不回成本。
3. 养殖algae需要大量的Carbon Dioxide(CO2)。空气中的CO2对algae的生长还不够,需要人工制造并再灌入一些。而在这一过程中CO2不能被algae全部吸收,多余的只能排放到大气,增加大气中的温室气体,进一步污染环境。
Listening中professor明确支持algae fuel的应用,阅读中的三个观点被她逐一反驳:
1. 养殖algae的土地和水源不会造成影响,因为algae对水源和土地并不挑剔。Dirty water,sea water等不能用于农作物灌溉的水源都可以用来培育algae;同样的,人们也可以用一些infertile的土地来farm algae。
2. 养殖algae的确需要很大的start-up cost,但是profit远大于cost。和corn等一年一熟或两熟常规作物不一样,algae一年里能被regrow20多次...也就是说,养殖algae的收获率巨大,弥补了一开始的支出。
3. 养殖algae需要的CO2不一定非要是newly generated的,和第一个点一样,algae对生长条件非常insensitive,人们完全可以把waste CO2 released by factories放进pump tank,然后将其注入algae的生长环境。这样一来,algae fuel production不但没有进一步增加碳排放污染环境,反而缓解了现有的污染。
In…saur is a kink of sea animal.It is abnormal that there are a unusual pattern of their skeleton been found in fossil. 1.The In..saur stranded suffered outbreak of a toxic algae,which is an alage can killed larger sea animals. 2.The...saur stranded because they played with each other and did not notice they already in shallow water,because of that they cannot go back to deep water area. 3.The most controversial theory ,In...saur's was killed by another large sea animal C(C is an octopus),and took their bones back to where they live and arrange them to certain pattern. Professor argued:1.The In...saur theory assumed that the nine In..saur died at the same time since they ate the algae.But the fossil record should some fossils existed earlier and some are later.They were not berried at the same time. 2.In...saur stranded theory is also unlikely.The fossil record appeared on the spot of deeper water area with sand particles berried.But if the theory claimed In...saur stranded in shallow water area,it is against the fact. 3.The third theory is unlikely.If the bones of In...saur is brought back and arranaged to certain pattern by other animals,it against the fact that the bones were actually scattered,some spots are denser and some are less dense,there is no pattern can be counted.
版本一:在美国,某些人认为电子病历有三个优点,省钱,不会发生错误,和利于做科研。教授认为这些优点是uncertain,他说,即使有了电子病历,医生们还是会把纸质病历作为备份,所以存储转移这些病历的费用并没有省下来。第二,虽然电子病历使用电脑,但是还是难免出现错误,因为病历还是由医生手写,职员打字输入的,在辨识医生的文字和输入电脑的过程中都有可能出现错误。第三,文中说电子病历利于更方便的取得大量病人的相关资料做研究,但是教授说在美国病人的病历属于隐私的范畴,有隐私法privacy laws来监督,研究人员不可能随意的查看病人的病历,首先他必须经过严格复杂的程序获得很多人包括病人自己的允许才能查看病历,所以关于电子病历的这个优点是不存在的。
版本二:
Primary care doctors 美国的初级医护人员 Reading:
Primary care doctors show a tendency of decline. 1. High tuition fees.
2. Little chance for internship.
3. They are under a huge amount of pressure. Listening: Disagree.
1. Financial aid like scholarship helps them pay the loan.
2. It may be true for some hospitals, but for other types, they actually provide more
opportunities. There will be as many as 1000 vacancies if young doctors could move after three years. 3. Government will help ease their pressure and provide more vacations.
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