2018考研英语二试卷解析

2017-12-25 16:04

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2018年考研英语二阅读理解解析（李国依）

Text 1

P1 It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.

P2 ① Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. ②He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and rote memorization, but practical, reports staff writer Stacy Teicher Khadaroo in this week’s cover story. ③When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly bamboozled by a busted bike chain?

P3 As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.

P4 ① But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. ② Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. ③ Schools in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype ... that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.

P5 ① On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. ② Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. ③ The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. ④ More education is the new mantra. ⑤ We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.

P6 ①But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all – and the subtle devaluing of anything less – misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy needs. ② Yes, abachelor's degree opens moredoors. ③ But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country aremiddle-skill job, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. ④But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.

P7 ① In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. ② There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren't equipped to do them Koziatek's Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.

P8 Koziatek's school is wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation's diversity of gifts.

21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show student's lack of. P2 ③

A. academic training 无

B. practical ability P2 ② but后

C. pioneering spirit P2 ① but前

D. mechanical memorization P2 ② but前

22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who. P4 ③

A. have a stereotyped mind P4 ③ 定位词为stereotype，原文为that，选项为a

B. have no career motivation 无

C. are financially disadvantaged 无

D. are not academically successful P4 ③题干原文完美对应，单词完全对应，否定完全对应

23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates. P5 ③

A. used to have more job opportunities P5 ③ 同意表达，且只有这一个选项在题干定位句中

B. used to have big financial concerns 无

C. are entitled to more educational privileges P5 ④原文没有谈到privileges

D. are reluctant to work in manufacturing P5 ② 原文为manufacturing is not，原文侧为否定

24. The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all. P6 ①

A. helps create a lot of middle-class jobs P6 ③ 选项中的 a lot of 为高调，多添加的信息

B. may narrow the gap in working-class jobs ③job ④ worker 选项为拼凑，且本题为细节题， may不是答案选项

C. indicates the overvaluing of higher education P6 ①同题干定位句

D. is expected to yield a better-trained workforce P6 ④ 原文为adequately trained，并非选项的better trained

25. The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.

A. tolerant 必不选词

B. cautious 必不选词

C. supportive 朝上 P8 wake-up call 朝上

D. disappointed 朝下

Text 2

P1 While fossil fuels - coal, oil, gas – still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it’s clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewable is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.

P2 Some growth stem from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.

P3 ①In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. ②In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. ③While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. ④ In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.

P4 ① President Trump has underlined fossil fuels – especially coal – as the path to economic growth. ② In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. ③ But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation – and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.

P5 ①The question “what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t s shine?” has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. ②But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.

P6 ① The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered vehicles. ②Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.

P7 ①While there’s a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. ②The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up – perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in showing climate change.③ What Washington does – or doesn’t do – to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.

26. The word “plummeting” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to______.

A. stabilizing

B. changing

C. falling 本道猜词猜意题的设定方法为形式对应，同划线处关系最紧密的词为prices，在本段其他未知的对应为最后一句的cost，所以划线词对应的是dropped，即为C选项

D. rising

27. According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America_____. P3 ④

A. is progressing notably 对应P3 ④ 为同意表达

B. is as extensive as in Europe无原文没有谈到extensive广泛，只谈了可持续能源所占的能源比重

C. faces many challenges 无

D. has proved to be impractical 无

28. It can be learned that in Iowa, ____. P4 ②③ ③后有but

A. wind is a widely used energy source. P4 ③同意表达

B. wind energy has replaced fossil fuels P4 ① but前，且原文未说replace

C. tech giants are investing in clean energy P4 ③原文动词为attracted，不是选项的investing

D. there is a shortage of clean energy supply P4③结尾处，原文没有提到shortage 短缺

29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5 & 6?

A. Its application has boosted battery storage.P5 ②选项和原文表述方向相反

B. It is commonly used in car manufacturing. P6 ① 原文为in part

C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.P6 ②change the picture rapidly in coming years 同意表达

D. Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.P5 ① 原文为a quick put-down for skeptics，所以不是选项的remain difficult

30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.

A. will bring the US closer to other countries 无

B. will accelerate global environmental change P7 ②信息拼凑原文为变化的速度会加速，而不是选项中加速全球环境改变

C. is not really encouraged by the US government P7 ③ 同意表达（技巧性： not + -ly）

D. is not competitive enough with regard to its cost 无

To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Gal Newport, anther of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Districted world, recommends building a habit of “deep work”,—the ability to focus without distraction.

There are a number of approaches to mastering the mastering the art of deep work- be it lengthy retreats, dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.

Newport also recommends “ deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more down in less time. At any given point, Ishold has deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar I protect this time like, I would a doctor's appointment or important meeting ,he writes.

Another approach to getting more down in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day -in particular how we craft our to - do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy. The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s, that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and golds in much time detail day by day.

While the researchers assumed that the well- structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Hartford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to- do list ineffective, while living room for improvisation in such a list canreap the best results.

In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “ be lazy.”

“ Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body…[ idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done, ”he argues.

Sriri Pillay an assistant of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counter - intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.

“What people don't realise is that, in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”, says Pillay.

31. According to Paragraph1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its

A. digital products ① 结尾处原文为doesn’t have any physical product, 否定，并且为physical 不是digital

B. user information ② user为定位词，同意表达

C. physical assets 同A，原文为product，不是assets

D. quality service 无

32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may ______.

A. worsen political disputes ③ 原文没有worsen，且原文为journalist，选项替换为 disputes

B. mess up customer records ④ 结尾处，这句话对应为Amazon，不是本题所问的Facebook

C. pose a risk to Facebook users ① but后，同意表达

D. mislead the European commission ①but前，并且原文没有提及mislead

33. According to the author, competition law ______. P3

A. should serve the new market powers P3 ③ market ⑤serve 拼凑

B. may worsen the economic imbalance ① 原文为address，不是worsen，此外技巧性：不是推理题，所以may 不对

C. should not provide just one legal solution 无

D. cannot keep pace with the changing market P3 ② 转折后， pace为定位词

34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because ______. P3 ⑤

A. they are not defined as customers ⑤同意表达

B. they are not financially reliable ⑤financially 原文里没有not否定

C. the services are generally digital ② digital为定位词不是本题所问

D. the services are paid for by advertisers ⑤pay ⑦advertise 拼凑

35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate ______. 例证题例子为②③ 所以观点为①或④

A. a win- win business model between digital giants ① 但是原文不是数码巨头的双赢，没有谈到，谈到的是users和digital giants

B. a typical competition pattern among digital giants 无

C. the benefits provided for digital giants’ customers 拼凑

D. the relationship between digital giants and their users ④ 看A的解析

P1 To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Gal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Districted world, recommends building a habit of “deep work”,—the ability to focus without distraction.

P2 ①There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work- be it lengthy retreats, dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual; or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. ②Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.

P3 ① Newport also recommends “ deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more down in less time. ②At any given point, Ishold has deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. ③Once on the calendar I protect this time like, I would a doctor's appointment or important meeting ,he writes.

P4 ①Another approach to getting more down in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day -in particular how we craft our to - do lists. ② Tim Harford, author of Messy. The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s, that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and golds in much time detail day by day.

P5 ① While the researchers assumed that the well- structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. ②Hartford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to- do list ineffective, while living room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.

P6 In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “ be lazy.”

P7 “ Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body…[ idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done, ”he argues.

P8 ①riri Pillay an assistant of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counter - intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. ②Wen our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.

P9 “What people don't realise is that, in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”, says Pillay.

36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to____. P2② 题干定位非常精准，所以位于题干定位处的选项就是答案

A.keep to your focus time P2 ② 题干定位

B.list your immediate tasksP2① 原文为a specific task, 选项为immediate tasks，复数，夸大了信息量，且specific不等于immediate

C.make specific daily plans 拼凑 specific 和daily

D.seize every minute to work ①结尾不是题干定位

37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harvard shows that____.整个P4均为例子，所以答案只能在P5第一句，因为例子和观点挨着

A.distractions may actually increase efficiency P5② 位置不对

B. daily schedules are indispensable to studying P4 ②例子

C. students are hardly motivated by monthly goals P4 ② 例子

D. detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected P5 ① 且原文有两个may，所以答案在其中

38. According to Newport, idleness is ____. P7

A. a desirable mental state for busy people P6 原文为lazy

B. a major contributor to physical health 无

C. an effective way to save time and energy P6 原文为make the most of time 汉译为充分利用时间，而选项为save time 节约时间

D. an essential factor in accomplishing any work. P7 完美定位于题干提问出，并且单词和含义完全相同

39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused______.P8

A. can result in .Psychological will-being无

B. can bring about greater efficiency P8 ② more efficiency 对应选项里的greater efficiency

C. is aimed at a better balance in work 无

D. is driven by task urgency P8 ② task 为定位词，但是原文没有提及urgency 的概念

40. This text is mainly about______.主旨题答案选项会包含全文最多的高频词

A. ways to relieve the tension of busy life

B. approaches to getting more done in less time 选项中 approach less time均为高频词

C. the key to eliminating distractions

D. the cause of the lack of focus time

2018年考研英语二新题型解析（张燕）

孩儿们，终于考完了，英语二今年的题也比去年难了一些，正是我预测到的小标题，去年很多同学拿了满分，今年题的难度跟2016年小标题相似，要求基本能读懂，需要概括的东西较多，单词简单，体现了背单词的重要性，19年的孩子们啥也别说了赶紧去背单词吧。

先公布参考答案：A F E B. D (花卷，下附真题）

Step1 快扫7个选项，把实词划出来，大概掌握主要内容；step2读41下面的段落，该段落多次提到just, 表达的意思也是当你和别人聊天的时候别害怕，想说就说，所以选A；step3看42下面的段落，表达的意思主要是想要开始一段聊天别从简单的“你好”之类的简短词开始，所以选择F选项，跳过简短聊天，这里需要认识skip这个词; step4 看43下面的段落提到了in common 匹配选项中me too所以答案为E；step5看44下面的段落，该段较难，需要总结概括，内容主要说当与别人交谈时不要三心二意，要注重当下，所以选为be present这里present是“现在”的意思。Step45最后一段较为简单在段落中找到了反复出现的name,place,things，所以答案为D。

考完了大家就别多想想了。期待大家的消息~

A. Just say it

B. Be present

C. Pay a unique compliment

D. Name, places, things

E. Find the “me too”s

F. Skip the small talk

G. Ask for an opinion

Five ways to make conversation with anyone

Conversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.

You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.

Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.

41.__________

Suppose you are in a room with someone you don't know and something within you says “I want to talk with this person”- this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something- the first word- but it just won't come out. It feels like it is stuck somewhere, I know the feelings and here is my advice just get it out.

Just think: that is the worst that could happen? They won't talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!

I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”, “Hey” or “Hello”—— do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say “Hi”.

42.____________________

It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk, memorable.

Honestly, if we got stuck, in the rut, of “hi”, “hello”, “how are you” “and what's going on?” you will fail to give the initial Jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.

So don't be afraid, to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.

43.____________________

When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person, have in common so that you can build the conversation, from that point. When you start a conversation from there and then move outward, you will find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.

44.____________________

Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask, for their attention, you get the response “I can Multitask”.

So when someone tries, to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.

45.____________________

You all came into a conversation, where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again, and have forgotten their name. Isn't that awkward!

So remember the little details of the people you might, or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to, the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing they hate - whatever you talk about

When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So they feel a responsibility to you to keep bad relationship going

That's it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!

2018年考研英语二翻译解析（任婧）

2018的英语二翻译不难，难度系数基本与近年真题持平，内容上与2010，2013，2017的真题一样，属于讲故事的题材。偶尔碰到些许不认识的单词，也可以结合上下文编出该词含义。总体而言，分数方面保八争十不成问题。

词汇方面：生词“astronaut”；形近词“explain”，“explore”；词组“be convinced that”，“career path”等都在课上多次强调过其含义。再结合介词优先原则，整体文章翻译通顺应该问题不大。

A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads——everything from encyclopaedias to science fiction novels. He reads so fervently that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table.

That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet——not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays, his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books: recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works.

“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge to explore,”——Gates say.

译文：

一个读五年级的学生拿到了一份家庭作业，要他从一系列的职业中选出自己未来打算从事的职业。他选中了“宇航员”，但是又快速在职业单上多选了“科学家”。这个男孩确信，如果他饱览群书，他就可以按照自己的喜好选择尽可能多的职业道路。因此，他大量阅读，从百科全书读到科幻小说。他如此沉迷阅读以至于父母不得不定下餐桌上“禁止阅读”的规矩。

这个男孩就是比尔·盖茨，并且他至今仍没停止阅读——哪怕他已经成为了世界上最成功的人之一。如今，他的阅读材料不再局限于科幻小说和工具书籍：近来，他透露自己每年至少会读50本非小说类书籍。盖茨之所以选择非小说类丛书是因为这些书可以解释世界如何让运转。

“每本书都会打开只是探索的新道路，”——盖茨说道。

2018年考研英语二写作解析（李海斌）

在刚刚结束的考研考试中，想必大家都取得另自己满意的成绩。 大作文的饮食主题，小作文的旅游失约可都是咱们课上的预测原文哟。在课上都细细的讲解和练习过，且人人手里都有范文，在百度文库还可下载哟。 大小作文都原题命中哟，下面我们分别分析一下今年的大小作文。请看一下作文的题目如下，

47.Directions:

Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit professor Smith. Write him an email to

1) apologize and explain the situation;

2) suggest a future meeting.

　　You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

　　Don’t use your own name, use “Li Ming” instead.

　　Don’t write your address. (10 points)

假如你不得不取消你的旅游计划并不能去看望smith教授。写一封email（1）表达你的歉意并解释情况（2）有机会再见面。很显然是一封道歉信，并给出解决方案，只是方案被给出，约未来有机会在去看望他。

Dear Prof. Smith,

I, your Chinese student, am always eager to visit you by means of traveling but have to write the email to you for expressing my sincere apology for I will cancel my travel plan.

I have always been cherishing the chance of our appointment. Unfortunately, I was on the point of packing luggage to prepare to travel when my phone rang, told that a traffic accident happened to my best friend, Tom. Because I am in his neighborhood and he has no relatives in my city, I had to take care of him in hospital. As a result, I will miss our appointment. But, I have put off my traveling plan to next month and could you give me another chance to meet you?

I feel deeply sorry again for any inconvenience I have caused and I am looking forward to your reply.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

这次考试的小作文，大家有没有写倒霉Tom呢，有没有机会得5档作文的分呢，我相信大家都能，下面给大家看一下我们曾经的预测吧。

现在我们来谈一下大作文，大作文出了一个最好描述的饼图，是一个静态图，关于2017年某市消费者选择餐厅时的关注因素，其实体现是饮食健康的主题。第一段按照常规写描述数据，第二段分析原因，第三段进行总结即可。大家可以按照课的要求，可以写数据分析法，主题分析法都可。下面我们看下题目要求：

48. Directions:

Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should

1) interpret the chart, and

2) give your comments.

You should write about 150 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

By carefully observing the pie chart, we easily find that it demonstrates a set of data about some factors when consumers choose restaurants in a city in 2017. From the figures given, the total statistics are divided into 5 parts with food distinction, service and environment of restaurants occupying a lion share at respectively 36.3%, 27.4% and 24.3% whilst price only taking up 7.3% and others making up even less percentage, 4.7%.

Evidently, what the chart illustrates is that people’s living needs has been transformed from material needs to spiritual needs. To account for the transformation, it is not difficult for us to seek for several typical reasons. Initially, the key reason consumers attach more importance to restaurants’ characteristics, service and environment is that people’s income is increasing with the prosperity of China economy and the sufficiency of job chances, which, of course, will bring forth some transformation in people’s needs. Namely, they start to choose restaurants with good service and environment and distinctive food to enjoy life. Besides, the sufficiency of food resources with the development of agriculture, to some extent, causes the stable price in food so that less consumers concern about the price of restaurants.

From the analyses above, we unquestionably come to conclusion that people start to satisfy with their spiritual needs. Thus, our bosses of catering industries should grasp the opportunities to improve our environment and service and add some distinctive food to attract more customers.

以上我们用数据分析法完成的作文，下面我们还看课上讲过的和预测文章。