2015年11月14日大陆托福解析

2015-11-17 10:15

来源：新东方哈尔滨学校国外考试部

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2015年11月14日大陆托福阅读解析

机经词汇：

exclusively=solely

conventional=standard

stagnation=without grow

mimic=reproduce

initial=original

vast=huge

implication=consequence

inhibited=constrained

第一篇:

考生回忆：本文属于人类学中的民族发展史。先说了一个D的民族，原来是一个原始部落，食物的主要来源是捕猎收集。后来由于气候的变化以及人口增多，只能过渡到农业社会。开始了驯养（domestication)。为了提高打猎的成功率，他们开发了一些有效率的工具。这里面提到得到这个推论的证据，是一个考古学家。他调查到之前有一个荒废的村庄，找到了人们从原始到农业社会的证据。认为这个村庄被抛弃的主要原因是因为他们对驯养的兴趣提髙了。他们离开了森林，去到了河边，因为那里的土地更适合农作物的生长。

解析：本文围绕着某个原始部落如何演化到农业社会进行讨论。与历史学相关的话题是托福阅读的常客，也是学生们比较陌生的题材。学生在备考的时候需要提前准备与这两个学科相关的词汇，以免在阅读的过程中由于词汇的问题导致阅读准度下降和速度变慢。

第二篇:

考生回忆：天文学。主要讨论的是月亮的陨石坑形成的原因。一开始以为这主要是由陨石的碰揸造成的。某个科学家提出了一个假说，同时也做了实验来验证自己的假说。可惜的是假说有缺陷，后来被推翻了。后来，他又提出陨石坑是由于月球底部的火山喷发造成。一些科学家把月球上的陨石坑跟地球上的陨石坑做了一个对比，发现地球低下的确有足够的空间来实现火山爆发。同时岩浆的痕迹也被找到。所以最后的结论是，月球的一个陨石坑大部分是由于火山爆发造成的。

解析：本文是天文学和地质学的的一篇交叉学科的文章。与天文学以及地质学相关的文章在托福阅读文章非常常见。同样地，学生在做题之前应该先熟悉与地质学和天文学相关的词汇。从结构上看，本文文章主旨明确，结构清晰。从第二段开始，每段首句即为topicsentence的可能性较髙。

第三篇

考生回忆：首先说了一幅画，它的内容是两个不同农具的对比，后面的农具经过改造之后可以用来更高效地耕作。后面说了这个农具的局限性,那就是它无法适用于所有地E。这就导致了某些地K只能手工进行农耕。后来又说了一种叫刀耕火种的农作物耕作方式，具体来说就是人们用火烧干净了一个地区植被之后，利用灰烬当成养分来种植农作物。但是这种农耕方法是不可持续的，最终还是要抛弃那个地方。后面还说了资本化的条件，那就是财富和权力的高度集中。后来又讲了驯养。人们先是大量使用牛，后来改进到使用马。后面提到了马具的改善使得马的利用效率大大挺高，马成为了效率最高的交通工具。交通的改善导致了经济的发展。但是马的生长受到具体客观条件的约束，只能在地中海地区广泛使用。

解析：本文讨论了农业的发展。经济发展史的题材在tpo中多次出现，背景多是某个原始部落。同学们在阅读此类文章的时候，要注意分清每个段落中不同信息之间的相互关系。通常段落主旨出现在段首，而后面的内容都是对主旨的展开。

2015年11月14日大陆托福听力解析

版本一：

1.教授看了学生的school play,想要让学生在计算机的一个活动上为孩子们演示，因为她既表演好也计算机能力不错，但是在那天学生要离开学校去NY实习，所以参加不了，她说她室友也有类似经历,推荐室友来帮教授但是她自己也很想参与，教授说可以帮他做网页

2.mineral的定义和形成，先说mineral是晶体，举例说diamond和graphite都是carbon，但是他们是完全不同的mineral就是因为他们的晶体排列方式完全不同。后来说两种形成方式，一种是溶液蒸发使空气压力增高促使mineral形成，一种是magma的冷却，然后提到了有个科学家做了个曲线来，说明岩浆在不同温度和时长下会形成的不同mineral。

3.浪漫主义和现实主义文学，开始实行浪漫主义，大家都表达爱啊和自己的感受，并且很注重形式，后来随着人从农村到城市工作，受教育的中产阶级越来越庞大，他们要求文学要描述他们的生活，于是出现了现实主义。现实主义更多的用的生活化的语言，其中现实主义小说特别长，但是教授说如果不长表达不了生活全貌。

4.女孩要从学校宿舍搬出来和朋友出去租房子，然后officer说了几个事项，女孩说最主要的问题是我需要拿到合同，但是那个合同是下个学期才能给的。女孩说她很着急，因为也有其他人看中了那个房子。officer说我们最迟也要在这个学期期末办手续，因为我们要确定你房间没有任何损坏，女孩说肯定没有，然后officer说可以尽量帮她找Mr Shaw去在下个礼拜接受申请，然后下个月给她合同。

5.一种green groof，分为intensive和extensive，intensive的土比较深可以种很多种植物养很多种生物，extensive就比较少。然后提到教授自己去这个green groof的时候，发现自己在欣赏景色的时候，旁边的窗户这真的很显眼煞风景。后来在这个green groof里面又引进了一些生物是自己在欣赏景色的时候，使得里面的生物多样性增加，引起了生物学家的注意，教授建议可以在这里面引进些鸟啊其他的动物。

6.children vocabulary spurt，教授提到children学习语言可能早期存在个infection point，这是一个商业用词，指的是开始销量不好后来销量猛增，转折点就是infe point。这个点可能是孩子们意识到他们的需求可以用词来满足的时候，比如渴了就说milk，但是后来提出这个实验的人发现之前的些数据没有提过这个point，大多都是学习五十个词婴儿需要多少时间，到现在没有发现任何有关的实验来证明这个point真的存在。

版本二：

1.老师找学生，先夸play很好，然后希望她帮忙参演一个play，但是女生有实习，于是她推荐室友去，女生可以帮忙弄网站.

2.矿物晶体什么的，结晶的方式确定不同矿物，可以蒸发水行成，也可以低温形成，举了例子是铁。还有岩浆

3.在屋顶上建一个实验花园，花园土可深可浅，因此植物可多可少，然后试验花园土很深？这地方有题，到底是flat还是hill，有很多动物来了，越来越多越来越多，有人觉得贵，但是教授觉得还可以，原因有题，没听清。

4.女生要搬出去了，想要自己的deposit，因为要付房租不然就没了？还有个室友爱干净，最后男的妥协，可以让新室友尽快搬进来然后下个月还钱。

5.浪漫主义和现实主义，开始是浪漫，打破rule，用晦涩语言，很多人不懂，后来工业化，很多人进城打工，出现了educated people为他们服务，然后有了现实主义，语言易懂，贴近生活，然后介绍了杂志和报纸，来自浪漫和现实，杂志高大上人不懂，报纸看的人多还有连载长小说，小说能帮人们了解更多那个时候。

6.婴儿怎么学的说话，研究人员认为有个abrupt然后解释了两点，最后推翻了。

2015年11月14日大陆托福口语解析

Task 1

I prefer taking art classes due to two reasons. The first reason is because I'm a big fan of music myself. For instance, I enjoy going to concerts or simply listening to my CD collection at home. I still remember how truly amazed I was when I first heard Beethoven's Moonlight. The music notes created a phenomenal illusion for its listeners. I would love to take a music history class and learn more about it. Plus, music history can be really fun. Last semester my roommate dropped in at a music history class in our university and they learnt all sorts of things, like the music categories, composing and even some anecdotes of the famous musicians in history. It's so much more fun than classes like economics or math.

Task 2

I think it's much easier to be a child for two reasons. First of all, children don't need to worry about getting a good job. For instance, when I was a kid, I had a fair share of pressure, I worried about getting good grades in class, I worried about if I was popular at school and I worried about exams and all, but I could always have my family to rely on no matter what happened. But now i feel like I'm so stressed out searching for a job and making a living of my own, and I feel like I'm completely alone out there and !have no one to count on. Plus, when you're a child you still have a whole life ahead of you, you've got all the time in the world. Now I feel like I'm always in a rush, having a job, starting a family of my own, all those things put a lot of pressure on me.

Task 3

The university is planning to require all students to take writing classes in the writing center due to two reasons. First of all, there are tutors there to help students with their writing. And the second reason is because this way, students get to spend more time on writing. In the conversation, the man disagrees with the plan. In the first reason, he mentions that students can get plenty feedback from their professors, and the professors know their students best, there's no need to go to the writing center to search for help. As for the second reason, the man points out that it's actually a waste of time because students need to spend a lot of time going to the writing center and it's time they should have spent on studying.

Task 4

In the lecture, the professor talks about passive defense which means some animals prefer avoiding conflicts and use other signals to communicate. He offers us an example to illustrate it. Pandas are capable of fighting, but they prefer not to. Instead, they leave marks on the trees by lifting their back legs and rub them against the tree and this way, they leave a rather distinctive odor on the trees, and the bigger the panda, the higher the marks. So other pandas get the message that the territory is already marked.

Task 5

The woman's problem is that she can't concentrate on her study because there's always someone playing the violin next door and it's always in the afternoon when she usually studies. There are two possible solutions. The first one is to go to the library and study there. And the second one is to move to another dormitory. If I were in her shoes, I'd go for the firstsolution because the library is a very good environment for studying, much better than her dorm room probably. I personally don't recommend the other solution because she will have to live by herself which means a significant raise in rent, and I just don't think it's that big a deal, it's not worth the money.

Task 6

In the lecture, the professor talks about the fact that even though people are aware of the deadline, they still miss it somehow. One of the reasons is simple, people simply don't like the project they need to work on. Like the professor's son, he's into art and he doesn't like science, so he spent the majority of his time painting until it was already too late to finish his science project on time. The other reason is that some people didn't make a thorough plan and ended up spending more time than they expected. Again the professor's son, he needed to hand in an application for an internship and he thought he could finish it in a day, turned out he also needed a recommendation letter from a professor and it would cost him a week to get one, and he ended up missing the deadline.

2015年11月14日大陆托福写作解析

综合写作:

READNING	LISTENING
海星的大规模生病的原因
1 parasite	1教授反驳，这种寄生虫只有在繁殖季节有影响。但是此种疾病全年皆有发生，所以不会是此寄生虫。
2 bacteria carried by jellyfish which is the food of sea star	2 这种鱼只能携带海星已经免疫的细菌。因此这种细菌从来没有让海星感染过疾病。
3 water temperature increases, and this would decrease the immunity system of sea star.	3 教授反驳认为，此疾病发生在海水温度恒定的地方。再者，发现一些calm water没有大风大浪的比较容易触发疾病，所以有其他未知原因。

独立写作:When parents cannot afford time to accompany with their children, they could choose to send their children to child-care center where many children are cared together; or they could send their children to an individual caregiver. Which on is better?

　　In modern society, the stressful workloads make parents busy with their work and distract them from taking good care of their children. Under this circumstance, many parents turn to send their children either to child-care center where plenty of children are taken care of together. Meanwhile, some parents would choose to send their children to an individual caregiver so that they children could receive care. In my opinion, the child-care center would be a better choice.
　　Admittedly, an individual caregiver might seem to be better. The main reason why some parents choose individual caregivers is that they would give children more considerations due to the less children there. They might feed the children themselves, rather than let the children eat themselves. They might help the children with their homework when the children meet some hard questions. Also they could play games with children so that they could get a temporary escape from school work. However, if viewed from a different angle, these activities might raise children's dependence on others, especially these caregivers. Once they are absent from the children, the children might feel uneasy about their meals, homework or even entertaining activities. To avoid the side effects, to send children to a child-care center would be more appropriate.
　　To begin with, a child-care center could give children more security. In other words, the facility might be equipped with some specialized equipment to avoid children from being get hurt. For example, a child-care center in Zhongguancun changes all their dishes and plates into stainless steel. What makes them to make such as change is that if the glass breaks into pieces, they might cut children’s fingers or legs. Meanwhile, to protect the children from dangers, the center install some iron nets outside the window in case some children would fall down from the window. Most importantly, strangers are carefully checked if they want to get access to the center. The security would ask about the name, occupation and even address so that dangerous people would not get into the center to harm these children. As a result, children could happily and securely play in the center.
　　In addition, a child-care center where hold many children might cultivate children's ability to get along with others. That is to say, giving children an environment to play with others allows children to communicate with each other. According to a survey conducted by behaviorists from Stanford, after polling hundreds of primary students who are kept in child-care center after school, a significant percentage of them appear to be empathic. After a long observation, the scientists find out that during their stay in the child-care center, they are given quite a lot of space to play with each other. When one feels upset, others might give him the comforts either by giving him his favorite fruits or giving him encouragement to get rid of the negative emotions, both of which make the children understandable when dealing with others. In this case, the center plays a great role in helping the children getting along with others.
　　To sum up, although children who are taken to individual caregivers might receive more considerations, this would not be safe. On the contrary, a child-care center would be a better candidate because it could offer children more security and even the environment to make friends with other peers.